SMM10503 NEW MEDIA LITERACY

CHAPTER 1: INTODUCTION TO NEW MEDIA LITERACY

Media literacy: The ability to access, analyze, evaluate and communicate information in a variety of forms

Literacy: Is the state of being able to read and write. Includes visual, electronic and digital forms of communication

Media literacy: Ability to access the media, understand, critically evaluate media content, create communications/produce messages. Cares about how people comprehend, interpret, analyze and compose media messages.

New media literacy: Consume messages via digital media channels, use new media tools, use mass media tools, use new media

Information literacy: Recognize when information is needed, identify, locate, think critically, evaluate, use information to solve a problem

The concept of digital and media literacy: Presentation, evaluation and organization of information

Digital literacy:

-Access critically analyse online information

-Engage in safe and constructive social networking

-Know how to create and share knowledge

Multicultural literacy: Ability to acknowledge, compare, contrast, appreciate commonalities and differences in cultural behaviors beliefs and values within and between cultures

Emerging technology literacy: Ability to adapt, understand, evaluate, make use of the continually emerging innovations in information technology and make intelligent decisions about the adoption of new tools and resources

Reproduction literacy: means the creative re-use of existing materials

Multimodal literacy: Promises a synthesis of multiple modes of communication

Literacy as a social practice: People as receivers not senders of messages. Content creation is easier than ever.

CHAPTER 2: THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT): FUTURE OF NEW MEDIA

New media tools:

-Methods of interactive communication that rely upon a computer or mobile device with internet access

-Allow the creation, publication, modification and distribution of information using simple tools

New media tools:

Blogs: Web site published on Internet allows info and ideas to be shared. Allow content text, image, link to be shared and discussed

Mashups: Integrated data, presentation/ functionality from several sources into one tool that creates new service

Mobile communication: Wireless devices and cellular phones used in mobile communications to send, receive and view info. Can access websites and download apps to receive specific details and can use text messaging to share info that includes text, video, audio, photos

Sharing sites: Enable users to upload, store, edit and share photos. May include comments and descriptions

Podcast: Digital audio/ video file. Themed series. Downloaded from website/ media players.

RSS Feeds: Allow users to receive content from websites including breaking news, blog posts and podcasts. Subscribe to feeds and receive updates through email/ RSS reader

Social bookmarking: Method of searching, storing and organizing websites. Saving link is called bookmarking.

Social network sites: Enable users to share info with online communities by sending messages, uploading photos and videos, joining groups and posting events.

Text messaging: Sending info via cellular and smart phone called text messaging. Include text, photo, audio and video

Twitter: Allows users to interact with others by sharing info via short messages

Video sharing sites: Upload and share online videos and exchange comments and messages

Webinars/ webcasts: unidirectional flow of info from speaker to viewer. Provide feedback via telephone. Maybe unidirectional/conversational. Uses computer for viewing and telephone for interaction. Maybe live/recorded

Web widget: Small program can easily add to website, blog/social network. Embedding weather reports, ads, photo viewers, surveys, news headlines.

Wiki: Website that allows collaboration by allowing users to edit the content

Internet of Things (IoT):

-Vision of the future where everything (people/devices/objects) connected

-These devices range from sensors in everyday objects such as cars, street lighting and home heating systems to industrial and manufacturing processes

-Make ‘dumb’ objects ‘smart’. Enable to transmit data to other machines and computer systems, automating many processes and gathering vast quantities of new types of data.

-Can be analysed and used by businesses to make smarter decisions

Chapter 4: Technologies behind the Internet of Things

Embedded system:

•       Information processing systems embedded into a larger product
•       Frequently used in a loop
•    Example of embedded systems:
•      Automotive electronics: ABS, ESP, airbags, efficient automatic gearbox, theft prevention with smart keys, blind-angle alert systems
•     -Forestry machines: control arms and tools, navigate forest, recording the tree harvested, crucial to efficient work
•     Smart buildings: Integrated cooling, lightning, room reservation, emergency handling, communication

IT characteristics:

• -          Disappearing computer
• -          Ubiquitous computing
• -          Ambient intelligence
• -          Cyber-physical systems
• -          Internet of Things

IoT hardware:

• -          Wireless SoC (system on chip)
• -          Prototyping boards and platforms
• -          Riot OS
• -          Thingsquare Mist

Networking & Internet:

• -          IPv4 & IPv6: revision of Internet Protocol, provides identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.
• -          UDP-IETF PAGE: User Datagram Protocol core member of IP suite. Can send messages, referred to datagram
• -          TCP-IETF PAGE: Transmission Control Protocol intended for use as highly reliable host to hist protocol between hosts in packet switched computer
• -          6LoWPAN (IETF WG/RFC 4944, WIKI): IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks defined encapsulation and header compression mechanism that allow IPv6 packets to sent and received from over IEEE 802.15.4

Near-field Communication:

• -          Set of short-range wireless technologies, requiring distance of 10 cm/ less. Operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface at rates ranging 106 kbit/s- 424 kbit/s
• -          Involves an initiator and target: the initiator actively generates RF field that can power passive target
• -          Enables NFC targets to take very simple form such as tags, stickers, key fobs/ cards that do not require batteries. Peer to peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered
• -          Examples: smart wallet/cards, action tags, access control

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID):

• -          Uses tags/labels attached to objects to be identified
• -          Two-way radio transmitter-receivers called interrogators/ readers send signal to the tag and read response
• -          Transmit their observation to a computer system running RFID software/ RFID middleware
• -          Can be passive, active/ battery assisted passive
• -          Has an on-board battery and periodically transmits its ID signal
• -          Battery assisted passive has small battery on board and activated when the presence of RFID reader
• -          Range: 10cm-200m
• -          Examples: road tolls, building access, inventory

EnOcean Tehnology:

• -          Energy harvesting wireless technology used primarily in building automation systems
• -          Applied to other applications in industry, transportation, logistics and smart homes
• -          Combine micro energy converters with ultra low power electronics
• -          Enables wireless communications between batteryless wireless sensors, switches, controllers, gateways

Bluetooth (SIG)

• -          Wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances
• -          Using short wavelength radio transmissions in ISM creating PAN with high levels of security
• -          Examples: hands-free headsets, key dongles, fitness trackers

Wi-Fi:

• -          Technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly
• -          Wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
• -          Applications: Routers, tablets

Weightless (SIG):

• -          Proposed proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data between base station and thousands of machines
• -          Using white space (wavelength radio transmissions in unoccupied TV transmission channels) with high levels security
• -          Examples: smart meters, traffic sensors, industrial monitoring

GSM (association):

• -          Global System for Mobile communications is open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services
• -          Can cover more than 90%. GSM has extended service access to areas where terrestrial coverage is not available
• -          Examples: cell phones, M2M, smart meter, asset tracking

Wireless network:

• -          Uses wireless data connections between network nodes
• -          Implemented and administered using radio communication at the physical level (layer) of OSI model network structure
• -          Examples: cellphone network, WLAN, satellite communication networks and terrestrial microwave networks
• -          Types of wireless network:

o   PAN: connect devices withing relatively small area, generally person’s reach. Examples: Bluetooth radio, invisible infrared light

o   LAN: connect local resources and to Internet. Links two/more devices over short distance using wireless distribution method, providing connection through access point for internet access

o   Wireless ad hoc network: aka wireless mesh network/ mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is wireless network made up radio nodes organized in mesh topology. Forward messages on behalf and performs routing. Can “self-heal”, automatically re-routing around a node that has lost power

o   MAN: connect several wireless LAN. WiMAX is a type of Wireless MAN

o   WAN: cover large areas between neighbouring towns and cities/ city and suburb. Connect branch offices if business/ public internet access system

o   Cellular network: distributed over land areas called cells. Served one fixed-location transceiver (cells site/ base station) each cell uses different set of radio frequencies from immediate neighbouring cells to avoid interference

o   Global area network (GAN): used for supporting mobile across arbitrary numbers of LAN, satellite coverage areas.

o   Space network: used for communication between spacecraft, usually in vicinity of Earth. Example: NASA’s Space Network

Wireless sensor network:

• -          Consists spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions
• -          Formed by hundreds/ thousands of motes that communicate and pass data along from one to another
• -          WSN apps: environmental/habitat monitoring, acoustic detection, seismic detection, military surveillance, inventory tracking, medical monitoring, smart spaces, process monitoring

Real-Time Location System (RTLS):

• -          Identify/ track the location of object/ people in real time within building/ contained area
• -          Wireless RTLS tags are attached to object/ worn by people. Receive wireless from tags to determine location
• -          Examples: track automobile, locate pallets of merchandise in warehouse, finding medical equipment in hospital
• -          Form of radio frequency, use optical/ acoustic
• -          Tags and fixed reference points can be transmitters, receivers or both
• -          Form of local positioning system and do not usually refer to GPS/ mobile phone tracking
• -          Can be used numerous logistical/ operational areas:
• o   Locate and manage assets
• o   Notification of new location
• o   Combine identity multiple items
• o   Locate customers for delivery

Global Positioning System (GPS)

• -          Originally known as Navstar GPS satellite-based radio navigation system owned by US and operated by US
• -          Does not require the user to transmit any data and operates independently of telephonic/internet reception. Can enhance the usefulness of GPS positioning information

Agents & Multi-Agent Systems

-          Agent:

o   Encapsulated computer system that is situated in some environment and act flexibly and autonomously in that environment to meet its design objectives

o   Sophisticated computer programs act autonomously on behalf their users, across open and distributed environments.

o   Applications require multiple agents that can work together

-          Multi-Agent System (MAS):

o   Loosely coupled network of software agent that interact to solve problems that are beyond individual capacities or knowledge of each problem solver

o   Collection of agents co-operating/competing with each other to fulfil common/ individual goals

o   Advantages:

•Distributes computational resources and capabilities across a network of interconnected agents.

• Allows for the interconnection and interoperation of

multiple existing legacy systems.

• Efficiently retrieves, filters, and globally coordinates

information from sources that are spatially

distributed.