TOPIC:
Chapter 1: Discover Sociology
- The Power of Society
- Sociology shows us the power of society to guide all our life decisions in much the same way that the seasons influence our choice of clothing
- The Sociological Perspective: What is
- Sociology
- Systematic study of human society
- Distinctive view guided by sociological perspective
- Sociological perspective
- View that seen general patterns of society in the lives of particular people
- The Sociological Perspective
- How is the sociological perspective defined?
- Seeing general patterns in the behavior of particular people (Berger 1963)
- Seeing society shapes what we think and do in patterned ways
- Seeing society in our everyday lives
- Emile Durkheim's Study of Suicide
- Does society affect decisions about suicide?
- More likely to commit: Male Protestants who were wealthy and unmarried
- Less likely to commit: Male Jews and Catholics who were poor and married
- Basic findings: Why?
- The differences between these groups had to do with "social integration"
- Those with strong social ties had less of a chance of committing suicide
- Freedom weakens social ties and increase risk of suicide
- What is sociological imagination?
- C. Wright Mills
- Society, not people is main cause poverty and other social
problems. - By turning personal problems into public issues, the sociological
imagination is the key to bringing people together to create
needed change - Applying the Sociological Perspective
◦ Usefulness of applying the sociological perspective
◦ Sociology guides many of our life-shaping laws and policies.
◦ Using a sociological perspective leads to important personal growth and awareness.
◦ Studying sociology aids in the preparation for the world of work. - Applying the Sociological Perspective: Sociology and Public Policy
◦ Sociologists shape public policy in countless ways
◦ What examples can you identify? - Applying the Sociological Perspective: Sociology and Personal Growth
◦ The sociological perspective
◦ Helps us assess truth of common sense
◦ Helps us see opportunities and constraints
◦ Empowers us to be active participants in society
◦ Helps us live in a diverse world - Applying the Sociological Perspective: Careers
◦ The “sociological advantage”
◦ Sociology is excellent preparation for jobs in dozens of diverse
fields (American Sociological Association, 2002, 2011a, 2011b).
Chapter 2: Culture and New Media
- Culture is
- Society's entire way of life
- No particular way of life is natural to humanity even though most people around the world view their own behavior that way
- Culture shock
- Disorientation due to inability to make sense out of unfamiliar way of life
- Often occurs with domestic and foreign travel
- Kind of Culture: Cultural Relativism
- Is the idea that a person's beliefs, values and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another
- More accurate understanding
- Types of culture
- Nonmaterial culture: The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society
- Material culture: Tangible things created by members of society
- Culture differences
- All societies contain cultural differences that can provoke a mild case of culture shock
- This woman traveling on a British subway is not sure what to make of the woman next to her, who is wearing Muslim full-face veil known as the niqab
- Elements of culture:
- Symbols
- Human transform elements of the world into symbols
- Symbols are anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
- Societies create new symbols all the time
- Meanings vary within and between cultures
- Language
- Language is a system of symbols that allow people to communicate with another
- Values and Beliefs
- Values
- Broad guidelines for social living: values support beliefs, culturally defined standards of desirability, goodness and beauty
- Beliefs
- Specific statements people hold to be true
- Matters individuals consider to be true or false
- Values sometimes conflict
- Sometimes one key cultural value contradicts another.
- Value conflict causes strain.
- Values change over time
- Cultures have their own values.
- Lower-income nations have cultures that value survival.
- Higher-income countries have cultures that value individualism and self expression
- Norms: Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
- Mores: Widely observed and have great moral significance
- Folkways: Norms for routine and casual interaction
- Guilt: A negative judgement we make about ourselves
- Shame: The painful sense that others disapprove of our actions
- Culture: What is
- Ideal culture
- Way things should be
- Social patterns mandated by values and norms
- Real culture
- Way things actually occur in everyday life
- Social patterns that only approximate cultural expectation
- Material Culture
- Includes a wide range of physical human creation or artifacts
- Contains artifacts that partly reflect underlying cultural values
- Reflects a society's technology or knowledge used to make a wat of life in particular surroundings
- Standard of beauty
- Including the color and design of everyday surrounding
- Vary significantly from one culture to another
- Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World
- Many cultural patterns are readily available to only some members of society
- High culture: Cultural patterns that distinguish a society' elite
- Popular culture: Cultural patterns that are widespread among society's population
- Cultural Diversity: Subculture
- Subcultures involves difference and hierarchy
- Subculture
- Cultural patterns that set apart some segment of society's population
- Counterculture
- Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
- Cultural Change
- Cultural Integration
- Close relationships among various elements of a cultural system
- Culture log (Ogburn 1964)
- Uneven change of cultural elements that may disrupt a cultural system
- A common societal phenomenon due to the tendency of material culture to evolve and change rapidly while non-material culture tends to resist change and remain fixed for a longer period of time
- Culture changes in three ways
- Invention
- Creating new cultural elements
- Telephone or airplane
- Discovery
- Recognizing and better understanding something already existing
- X-rays or DNA
- Diffusion
- Spread of cultural traits
- Jazz music or much of the English language
- Ethnocentrism: Practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
- Cultural relativism: Practice of judging a culture by its own standards
- Function of Culture: Structural Functional Theory
- Views society as a complex, interconnected system
- Culture functions as the structure in society that exists to meet human needs
- Values are core of a culture
- Every culture has cultural universals
- Inequality and Culture: Social-Conflict Theory
- Social conflict
- Cultural traits benefit some members of the expense of others
- Cultural values of competitiveness and material success are tied to our country's capitalist economy
- Evaluation
- Understates the ways cultural patterns integrate members into society
•The Birth of the Social Self
• Socialization
• Total Institutions and Resocialization
• Social Interaction in New Media
Chapter 4: Social Class and Inequality
• Stratification in Traditional and Modern Societies
• Sociological Building Blocks of Social Class
• Class and Inequality in New Media: Dimensions and Trends
Chapter 5: Race and Ethnicity in New Media
• Minority and Dominant Group Relations
• Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination
Chapter 6: Gender and Society
• Concepts of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
• Gender and Society in New Media
• Gender Issues in New Media
Chapter 7: Families and Society
• Millennials and Marriage
• Family Engagement and New Media
• Families Yesterday and Today
Chapter 8: Education and Society
• Education in New Millennial
• Theoretical Perspectives on Education
• Education, Opportunity, and Inequality
Chapter 9: Social Movements and Social Change
• Social Movements in New Media
• Sociological Perspectives on Social Change
• Sources of Social Change
• Social Movements
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