Chapter 1: Introduction to Thinking Skills
1. What is the process of considering or reasoning about something?
A) Decision-making
B) Critical thinking
C) Problem-solving
D) Thinking
2. According to Ruggerio (1998 in Ryan 2012), thinking is a searching for answers and a reaching for meaning, which involves:
A) Cognitive and behavior lead to communication
B) Control mind's movement to become thinking when we direct them
C) Formulating and solving problems
D) Receiving stimulus of the five senses
3. How does Costa (1985 & Philips in Campbell, 2006) define thinking skills?
A) Reflex action, conceptual, and resolving activities
B) A searching for answers and reaching for meaning
C) Mental processes used in cognitive functions
D) The effort of the mind to examine and weigh certain information
4. Butterworth & Thwaites (2005) describe thinking skills as being:
A) Argumentative and critical
B) Reflexive and conceptual
C) A mental activity that helps formulate or solve problems
D) Involved in controlling mind's movements
5. Why are thinking skills important?
A) They help in memorizing information
B) They allow people to make meaning from and create with information
C) They are necessary for physical actions
D) They are used to communicate effectively
6. What is the "Gunung Kinabalu" effect in developing thinking skills?
A) Willingness to explore new ideas against one's roots
B) Bias and selfishness in thinking
C) Knowledge limited to what has been taught
D) Not being independent in learning
7. Prejudice, stereotyping, and not accepting new ideas against one's roots are obstacles in developing thinking skills influenced by:
A) Gender differences
B) Cultural norms and race
C) Socioeconomic status
D) Educational background
8. How would you define "thinking skill" based on Dewey's perspective (Dewey 1933 in Philips 1999)?
A) A reflex action and resolving activities
B) The examination of information based on specific criteria
C) Mental processes used in cognitive functions
D) Reaching for meaning and searching for answers
9. According to Sigel (1984 in Kadir 2007), what does thinking skill involve?
A) Argumentative and critical thinking
B) Reflex action and conceptual activities
C) Mental processes used in cognitive functions
D) Searching for answers and reaching for meaning
10. "Thinking skills involve mental processes used in cognitive functions that enable people to make meaning from, and create with, information." This statement refers to:
A) Butterworth & Thwaites' definition of thinking skills
B) Dewey's perspective on thinking skill
C) Costa's definition of thinking skills
D) Ruggerio's view of thinking
Chapter 2: The Brain/Cognitive and Memory
11. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for:
A) Movement and balance
B) Processing sensory information
C) Controlling reflexes and basic life functions
D) Complex mental activities such as thought and emotion
12. The cerebellum is responsible for:
A) Solving problems and making decisions
B) Coordinating muscle movement and controlling balance
C) Relay station for incoming nerve impulses
D) Controlling hormone secretion from the pituitary gland
13. What is the function of the thalamus in the brain?
A) Coordinating muscle movement and balance
B) Processing sensory information such as touch and pain
C) Regulating when we feel sleepy or awake
D) Relaying nerve impulses to appropriate brain regions for processing
14. Which type of memory enables us to carry out commonly learned tasks without consciously thinking about them?
A) Implicit memory
B) Explicit memory
C) Short-term memory
D) Procedural memory
15. Autobiographical memories are formed based on:
A) Exposure to a world full of sensations and information
B) Memories of dream experiences during sleep
C) Memories of events from childhood
D) Experiences during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
16. Which brain wave is associated with the deepest part of non-REM sleep?
A) Alpha waves
B) Beta waves
C) Delta waves
D) Theta waves
17. What factors can make our brain dysfunctional?
A) Physical exercise and socializing
B) Smoking, air pollution, and sleep deprivation
C) Eating good food and staying hydrated
D) Practicing logical thinking and memory exercises
18. Brain HQ is an online brain training system that focuses on:
A) Enhancing creativity and historical thinking
B) Improving logical and analytical thinking
C) Enhancing physical exercise and brain nutrition
D) Improving auditory and visual memory
19. How does physical exercise benefit the brain?
A) It provides more energy for the brain
B) It improves the brain's mathematical abilities
C) It enhances the brain's ability to form long-term memories
D) It stimulates creative thinking and problem-solving
20. What type of memory is associated with general knowledge and facts that are sustained over time?
A) Procedural memory
B) Semantic memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Short-term memory
Chapter 3: Early Cognitive Development Theory
21. What are the processes involved in early cognitive development?
A) Problem-solving and decision-making
B) Remembering and information processing
C) Logical and analytical thinking
D) Creative and critical thinking
22. How was knowledge built in early cognitive development theory?
A) Through logical reasoning and analysis
B) By acquiring information from sensory experiences
C) By memorizing facts and data
D) Through observing and imitating others
23. What are the areas of development in early cognitive development theory?
A) Emotional and social development
B) Memory, intelligence, and language
C) Physical and motor development
D) Mathematical and spatial development
24. According to the theory of early cognitive development, what are the stages of cognitive development?
A) Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
B) Infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood
C) Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
D) Egocentrism, animism, artificialism, conservation
Chapter 4: The Hierarchy of Human Needs/Human Survival Needs-Skills by Abraham Maslow
25. Abraham Maslow is known for developing:
A) The hierarchy of human needs
B) The theory of cognitive development
C) The stages of grief
D) The theory of multiple intelligences
26. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs are considered physiological needs?
A) Social needs
B) Safety needs
C) Self-esteem needs
D) Basic needs like food and shelter
27. What are the complex human needs according to Maslow's hierarchy?
A) Love and belongingness needs
B) Self-esteem needs
C) Self-actualization needs
D) Safety and security needs
28. The need for stable employment, good working environment, and health care falls under which category of Maslow's hierarchy?
A) Social needs
B) Complex human needs
C) Security needs
D) Esteem needs
29. What is the highest level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
A) Physiological needs
B) Social needs
C
) Self-actualization needs
D) Safety needs
30. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what do self-actualizing needs involve?
A) Basic survival needs
B) Accomplishment and personal growth
C) Love and affection from others
D) Sense of belonging in a community
Chapter 5: Logic Thinking
31. Which type of argument is based on mathematical or geometric measurements and follows necessarily if its premises are true?
A) Inductive argument
B) Deductive argument
C) Argument from analogy
D) Argument from authority
32. An argument that is applied to a whole group based on knowledge gained from a small sample of people is called:
A) Prediction
B) Generalization
C) Argument from definition
D) Argument based on signs
33. How can you tell the difference between inductive and deductive arguments?
A) By the occurrence of special indicator words
B) By the use of emotional language in the argument
C) By the number of premises in the argument
D) By the presence of rhetorical questions in the argument
34. What is the form of argumentation used in categorical syllogisms?
A) Prediction of future events
B) Definition of key terms
C) Comparison between two different things
D) Statements involving "all," "some," or "no"
35. Which fallacy involves attacking or praising the people who make an argument instead of discussing the argument itself?
A) Genetic fallacy
B) Appeal to force
C) Personal attack
D) Circumstantial fallacy
36. When does an argument become fallacious?
A) When it is supported by evidence and logical reasoning
B) When it is based on well-established facts
C) When it is intended to deceive or manipulate the audience
D) When it includes both inductive and deductive elements
37. An argument that depends on the existence of an analogy or similarity between two separate things is called:
A) Argument from authority
B) Argument based on signs
C) Argument from analogy
D) Causal inference
38. Which type of argument claims that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises and is impossible for the conclusion to be false if the premises are true?
A) Inductive argument
B) Deductive argument
C) Argument from definition
D) Argument from authority
39. An argument that relies on the definition of a word used in the premise or conclusion is called:
A) Argument from definition
B) Argument from authority
C) Hypothetical syllogism
D) Categorical syllogism
40. What type of thinking involves making predictions about the future based on our knowledge of the past?
A) Analytical thinking
B) Projective thinking
C) Logical thinking
D) Prediction thinking
Chapter 6: Lateral Thinking
1. What is lateral thinking?
a) A linear and logical approach to problem-solving.
b) Using indirect and creative approaches to find solutions.
c) A process of gathering data and facts.
d) The representation of caution and skepticism.
2. Lateral thinking is used to solve problems that are:
a) Easily solvable by traditional means.
b) Complex and require creativity.
c) Based on facts and data.
d) Emotional and intuitive in nature.
3. What is the purpose of the Six Thinking Hats technique?
a) To manage the thinking process.
b) To represent emotions and feelings.
c) To solve problems based on facts.
d) To explore creativity and new ideas.
4. The Yellow Hat in the Six Thinking Hats technique represents:
a) Caution and skepticism.
b) Optimism and opportunity.
c) Creativity and new ideas.
d) Facts and data.
5. The Green Shoes in the Six Action Shoes concept are associated with:
a) Routine behavior and following procedures.
b) Gathering information and researching.
c) Taking practical and decisive action.
d) Expressing emotions and gut feelings.
6. Which profession is most likely to wear Orange Gumboots?
a) Firefighter
b) Businessperson
c) Therapist
d) Teacher
7. Purple Riding Boots in the Six Action Shoes concept represent:
a) Caution and skepticism.
b) Creativity and new ideas.
c) Taking charge and making decisions.
d) Compassionate and understanding behavior.
8. What is the main characteristic of lateral thinking?
a) Linear and logical approach.
b) Indirect and creative approach.
c) Emotional and irrational approach.
d) Facts-based and data-driven approach.
9. Which of the following is not a Six Thinking Hat color?
a) Red
b) Yellow
c) Blue
d) Pink
10. How does lateral thinking differ from vertical thinking?
a) Vertical thinking is emotional, while lateral thinking is logical.
b) Vertical thinking is linear, while lateral thinking is creative.
c) Vertical thinking is facts-based, while lateral thinking is intuitive.
d) Vertical thinking is routine, while lateral thinking is random.
Chapter 7: Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
11. Which intelligence involves well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to words?
a) Visual-Spatial
b) Logical-Mathematical
c) Verbal-Linguistic
d) Bodily-Kinesthetic
12. The ability to think conceptually and abstractly and discern logical and numerical patterns is associated with which intelligence?
a) Musical
b) Interpersonal
c) Logical-Mathematical
d) Naturalist
13. What does the Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence involve?
a) Understanding and responding to others' emotions.
b) Ability to control body movements and handle objects skillfully.
c) Recognizing and categorizing plants and animals in nature.
d) Producing and appreciating rhythm, pitch, and timber.
14. The Interpersonal intelligence is characterized by:
a) Ability to think conceptually and abstractly.
b) Sensitivity to the sounds and rhythms of words.
c) Capacity to think in images and pictures.
d) Capacity to detect and respond appropriately to others' moods.
15. Which intelligence involves being self-aware and in tune with inner feelings and thoughts?
a) Intrapersonal
b) Visual-Spatial
c) Logical-Mathematical
d) Musical
16. Acoustic engineers and composers are likely to excel in which intelligence?
a) Logical-Mathematical
b) Verbal-Linguistic
c) Musical
d) Naturalist
17. The ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and objects in nature is associated with which intelligence?
a) Intrapersonal
b) Musical
c) Naturalist
d) Visual-Spatial
18. The Johari Window was created by whom in what year?
a) Stephen Covey in 1932
b) Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingam in 1955
c) Howard Gardner in 2012
d) Stephen Covey in 2012
19. What is the primary purpose of the Johari Window model?
a) Enhancing understanding and optimizing value for people.
b) Assessing and improving relationships between groups.
c) Assessing and improving relationships between individuals.
d) Improving self-awareness in individual behavior.
20. Listening is the process of:
a) Speaking and responding to spoken messages.
b) Constructing meaning from nonverbal messages.
c) Receiving, understanding, and responding to spoken messages.
d) Writing and interpreting written messages.
Chapter 8: Problem Solving and Decision Making
21. What is the main purpose of decision making?
a) Identifying problems.
b) Selecting the best course of action.
c) Setting clear goals.
d) Enhancing critical thinking skills.
22. Which step in the decision-making process involves identifying the best option based on values and criteria?
a) Identifying the needs to make decisions.
b) Considering the options.
c) Thinking about the consequences.
d) Making the decision.
23. Problem-solving is a cognitive process that involves:
a) Constructing meaning from nonverbal messages.
b) Finding solutions to challenges and obstacles.
c) Using creative approaches to find solutions.
d) Assessing the needs for decision making.
24. The step in problem-solving where one explores the options is:
a) Being aware of the problem.
b) Understanding the problem.
c) Evaluating the consequences.
d) Choosing the best option.
25. What is the importance of problem-solving skills?
a) Refraining from acting in a hurry.
b) Exploring and considering many options.
c) Enabling systematic and rational thinking.
d) Enabling action on decision.
Chapter 9: Leadership
26. What is leadership?
a) The process of finding solutions to challenges.
b) The ability to control one's body movements.
c) Influencing and guiding others towards a common goal.
d) The process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to messages.
27. Who authored the book "The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People"?
a) Stephen Richards Covey
b) Howard Gardner
c) Joseph Luft
d) Harrington Ingam
28. Which habit encourages seeking mutually beneficial solutions in interactions with others?
a) Think Win/Win
b) Be Proactive
c) Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood
d) Put First Things First
29. What does the "Begin with the End in Mind" habit emphasize?
a) Taking initiative and responsibility for one's actions.
b) Setting clear goals and envisioning desired outcomes.
c) Prioritizing and managing time effectively.
d) Practicing active listening and empathizing with others.
30. Which habit involves continuously investing in self-re
newal and improvement?
a) Think Win/Win
b) Synergize
c) Sharpen the Saw
d) Find Your Voice and Inspire Others to Find Theirs
Chapter 10: Thinking Skills in Civilization
31. How can thinking skills help in unifying mankind with different races, religions, and cultures?
a) By promoting conflict and disagreements.
b) By developing critical thinking skills.
c) By encouraging respect and tolerance.
d) By focusing on individual interests.
32. How can thinking skills contribute to justice in economic systems?
a) By avoiding taxation.
b) By reducing poverty and wealth distribution.
c) By supporting unethical business practices.
d) By limiting government intervention.
33. In which fields can thinking skills be applied?
a) Only in business and finance.
b) In arts, education, medicine, technology, and more.
c) Exclusively in transportation and agriculture.
d) In science and technology only.
34. What is the role of thinking skills in building art and design?
a) Reducing energy consumption in buildings.
b) Improving transportation systems.
c) Enabling effective education systems.
d) Enhancing creativity and artistic expression.
35. How can thinking skills be useful in the field of transportation?
a) By reducing access to public and commercial transport.
b) By lengthening the time and length of journeys.
c) By making the transportation of merchandise difficult.
d) By shortening the time and length of journeys.
36. What is the purpose of thinking skills in education?
a) To mold knowledgeable and professional individuals.
b) To restrict access to education for some groups.
c) To limit the application of knowledge and skills.
d) To discourage learning and growth.
37. How can thinking skills contribute to improvements in health and medicine?
a) By encouraging unhealthy behaviors.
b) By promoting disease and illness.
c) By reducing the spread of plagues and diseases.
d) By limiting access to healthcare.
38. How do thinking skills play a role in science and technology?
a) By hindering advancements and discoveries.
b) By promoting reliance on outdated methods.
c) By enabling efficient and effective solutions.
d) By avoiding progress and innovation.
39. What is the significance of thinking skills in agriculture and husbandry?
a) To decrease the quality of plants and crops.
b) To lengthen the seasons and times of harvest.
c) To hinder disease resistance.
d) To improve breeding and shorten maturity periods.
40. How do thinking skills contribute to building a better society?
a) By promoting conflicts and disagreements.
b) By fostering cooperation and understanding.
c) By emphasizing individual interests only.
d) By focusing on personal growth only.
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